Child Abuse — Evaluating Government Measures in Punjab and KP: Issues, Challenges and Way Forward

Abstract

This research paper examines Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) in Pakistan, focusing on the provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). It explores the cultural complexities that hinder the reporting and prosecution of CSA cases. In Pakistan, cultural norms contribute significantly to under-reporting, with unique challenges in both provinces. KP’s conservative values and traditional tribal structures create societal barriers to reporting and legal actions. Punjab, with its urbanized and diverse socioeconomic landscape, faces issues like increased anonymity for perpetrators. The study emphasizes the need for effective policies and interventions to create a safer environment for children. It highlights gaps in the reporting and legal processing of CSA cases, calling for clear, efficient mechanisms. The research utilizes a systematic methodology, including literature reviews and a mixed-methods approach. Data from police departments, interviews, focus groups, and desk reviews provide qualitative insights into CSA trends and challenges in both provinces. Findings reveal a sharp increase in reported CSA cases over the past six years, yet conviction rates remain alarmingly low. This points to systemic legal and judicial challenges that demand urgent, multifaceted reforms. The study advocates a victim-centric approach, focusing on better training, resource allocation, and enhanced support services for victims. It stresses the need for collaborative efforts from policymakers, law enforcement, and communities. Key policy recommendations include improved reporting mechanisms, specialized units, streamlined legal procedures, and enhanced counselling and rehabilitation services to address CSA more effectively.